The hidden health risks of walking through floodwater
By Cynthia Lodite, September 14, 2026When heavy rains cause roads and walkways to flood, many people may have little choice but to walk through the water to get to work, school or home.
What may look like ordinary rainwater, however, can contain sewage, waste, chemicals and disease-causing germs. Floodwater can also hide sharp objects, open drainage channels and other hazards that are difficult to see.
Walking through it can therefore expose people to several health and safety risks.
1. Skin infections
Floodwater can contain bacteria and other microorganisms that may enter the body through cuts, scratches or broken skin.
Even small wounds can become infected after contact with contaminated water. People with wounds should avoid exposing them to floodwater where possible and keep them covered with a clean, waterproof dressing.
After coming into contact with floodwater, wash the affected skin with clean water and soap as soon as possible.
2. Stomach illnesses
Floodwater can become contaminated with human or animal waste. Accidentally swallowing the water, or eating food that has been contaminated by it, can expose people to germs that cause diarrhoea, vomiting and other illnesses.
This is one reason why floodwater should never be treated as clean water, even when it looks clear.
People should wash their hands thoroughly after contact with floodwater and before handling food.
3. Leptospirosis
Floodwater may contain urine from infected animals, particularly rodents. Contact with contaminated water or wet soil can expose people to bacteria that cause leptospirosis.
The illness can cause symptoms such as fever, headache, muscle aches, vomiting and red eyes. Anyone who develops concerning symptoms after significant exposure to floodwater should seek medical attention and mention the exposure.
4. Injuries from hidden objects
Floodwater can hide broken glass, nails, metal, stones and other sharp objects. It can also conceal open manholes, ditches and fast-moving water.
A person may therefore suffer cuts, falls or more serious injuries without seeing the hazard beforehand.
Where possible, avoid walking through flooded areas. If you must cross water, avoid fast-moving sections and use a safer route rather than assuming shallow-looking water is harmless.
5. Exposure to chemicals and sewage
Floodwater can pick up fuel, household chemicals, pesticides, sewage and other contaminants as it moves through streets, homes and businesses.
Direct contact can irritate the skin and eyes, while contaminated water can become dangerous if swallowed.
People should avoid touching their face while in floodwater and wash exposed skin and clothing afterwards.
Floodwater can be more dangerous than it looks. If you have another route, use it rather than walking through flooded areas. Children should also be kept away from floodwater because they may be more likely to fall, swallow contaminated water or come into contact with hidden hazards.
If someone develops severe symptoms after floodwater exposure, especially difficulty breathing, persistent vomiting, severe weakness, confusion or a high fever, they should seek medical care promptly.