Why Endometriosis takes ages to diagnose
By Cynthia Lodite, July 2, 2026For millions of women and girls around the world, severe menstrual pain, chronic pelvic discomfort and heavy periods are an all-too-familiar part of life.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), endometriosis affects an estimated 10 per cent of women and girls of reproductive age globally, about 190 million people.
Despite the statistics, awareness remains low, even among those experiencing its symptoms. For many women, the condition affects far more than their menstrual cycles, influencing education, employment, relationships, fertility, mental health and overall quality of life.
Dr Charles Muteshi, a consultant obstetrician-gynaecologist and fertility specialist at Aga Khan University Hospital, describes endometriosis as a condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the womb.
The misplaced tissue commonly affects the ovaries, fallopian tubes, bladder and bowel. In response to monthly hormonal changes, these tissues bleed and become inflamed, triggering pain and scar formation.
Barriers to early detection
In Kenya, one of the biggest barriers to diagnosis is the misconception that painful periods are normal. Many women are told that menstrual pain is simply something they have to endure, causing them to delay seeking medical help or have their symptoms overlooked.
Worth noting, not everyone experiences endometriosis in the same way. While some have debilitating pelvic pain, others may struggle with infertility, painful bowel movements, painful urination during menstruation, pain during sex or chronic fatigue.
This wide range of symptoms makes it difficult to recognise the condition quickly.
What is Endometriosis
Endometriosis is a complex disease that affects many women, globally from the onset of their first period (menarche) through menopause, regardless of ethnic origin or social status.
Endometriosis can also affect transgender men and non-binary individuals who menstruate. In women with endometriosis, endometrium-like tissue (usually found only in the lining of the uterus) grows outside the uterus, causing inflammation and scar tissue formation.
According to the World Health Organisation, there is currently no known cure, but endometriosis symptoms can be treated with medicines or, in some women, surgery.
In addition, the WHO notes that Endometriosis is diagnosed using imaging techniques such as ultrasound. Invasive procedures like surgery may also be necessary to confirm the diagnosis. Long delays in diagnosis are common, and symptoms often persist or recur after treatment is initiated.