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Everything you need to know about yeast infection: Causes, symptoms, and treatment
13th April, 2026 06:32 PM
Yeast infections, medically known as candidiasis, are among the most common fungal infections affecting people worldwide.
They occur when a naturally occurring fungus called Candida grows excessively in the body.
According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), candidiasis can affect different parts of the body, including the mouth, skin, vagina, and even the bloodstream in severe cases.
“Candidiasis, also known as a yeast infection, is a fungal infection primarily caused by Candida yeasts. Many of these yeasts are normally present in the human body as part of the natural microbiome, or in the surrounding environment, often without causing any problems,” WHO stated.
“However, when conditions allow, such as a weakened immune system or changes in the body’s natural environment (e.g., due to hormonal changes, antibiotic use or other reasons), Candida can overgrow and cause an infection.”
Types of yeast
Yeast infections can affect different parts of the body depending on where the overgrowth of Candida occurs.
The most common types include:
- Vaginal yeast infection (vulvovaginal candidiasis)
- Oral thrush (mouth infection)
- Skin candidiasis
- Invasive candidiasis (rare but serious bloodstream infection)
Causes
According to the health organisation, yeast infections can be caused by the use of antibiotics, a weakened immune system, hormonal changes, high blood sugar (diabetes), and poor hygiene or excess moisture.
“Several factors can contribute to the overgrowth of Candida in the vagina. Changes in the vagina’s normal acidity, natural microbiome or hormonal balance can create an environment that encourages yeast overgrowth,” WHO explained.
“Antibiotics can kill healthy bacteria in the vagina, which help maintain balance and keep yeast in check. Fluctuations in hormone levels, such as those during pregnancy, the menstrual cycle or the use of birth control pills, can increase the risk of yeast infections,”
“Uncontrolled diabetes, leading to persistently high blood sugar levels, can also promote yeast growth. Additionally, a weakened immune system due to conditions or medications can make one more susceptible to yeast infections.”
Symptoms
Symptoms vary depending on the affected area. For vaginal yeast infection, the visible symptoms are intense itching and irritation, thick white discharge, pain during urination or sexual intercourse, and redness or swelling in the affected area.
Similarly, for oral thrush, the symptoms include white patches in the mouth, soreness or a burning sensation, and difficulty swallowing.
Additionally, for skin infections, symptoms include a red, itchy rash and irritation, especially in warm and moist body folds.
Treatment
The good news is that yeast infections are treatable using various methods.
Antifungal medications are the most common option, including creams or ointments for skin and vaginal infections, tablets or suppositories for internal treatment, and oral antifungal drugs for more severe cases.
Lifestyle changes also support recovery and prevention. These include wearing loose, breathable clothing, keeping affected areas clean and dry, avoiding unnecessary antibiotic use, and managing blood sugar levels.
In severe cases where the infection spreads to the bloodstream, known as invasive candidiasis, hospital treatment is required using stronger antifungal medications under close medical supervision.
Prevention
You can reduce your risk of yeast infections by maintaining good personal hygiene, avoiding scented soaps and douching.
Wearing cotton underwear, changing out of wet clothes quickly, and eating a balanced diet while controlling conditions such as diabetes can also help prevent infections.
When to see a doctor
You should seek medical attention if symptoms keep recurring or if over-the-counter treatments do not work.
If you experience severe pain or fever, or if you have underlying conditions such as diabetes or a weakened immune system.
Yeast infections are common, uncomfortable, but usually not dangerous.
They are caused by an imbalance of natural yeast in the body and are easily treated with antifungal medication. However, understanding the causes and prevention methods is key to avoiding repeated infections.
As the WHO explains, candidiasis remains a global health concern due to its wide range of infections.
“WHO recognises the increasing global public health concern posed by fungal infections and is committed to addressing this threat through various initiatives,” WHO stated.
